{
  "manifestVersion": 1,
  "dataset": {
    "id": "usgs-earthquakes",
    "name": "USGS earthquakes",
    "description": "Every earthquake above the chosen magnitude threshold, worldwide, across the entire history of the U.S. Geological Survey’s ANSS Comprehensive Catalog — about 312,000 events at magnitude 4.5 and above, the oldest of them from 1568. One row per event, revised in place as USGS refines the numbers: magnitude, depth and location all move in the hours and days after an event, and historical entries are re-evaluated decades later, so this dataset follows them rather than freezing the first estimate. Each row also carries the uncertainties the catalogue publishes — horizontal and vertical location error, magnitude error, the station counts behind each — and the networks that actually computed the location and the magnitude.",
    "descriptions": {
      "ro": "Catalogul complet al cutremurelor din lume care depășesc pragul de magnitudine ales, preluat din serviciul web FDSN al U.S. Geological Survey: tot istoricul, din secolul al XVI-lea până în ziua curentă, nu doar ultimele 24 de ore. Există câte un rând pentru fiecare eveniment, iar acel rând este actualizat pe măsură ce USGS își îmbunătățește estimările. Magnitudinea, adâncimea și localizarea se pot schimba în orele și zilele de după cutremur, iar evenimentele istorice sunt reevaluate chiar și după secole; acest set de date păstrează valorile actualizate, nu doar prima estimare. Pe lângă valorile propriu-zise, fiecare rând conține și incertitudinile raportate de sursă (eroarea de localizare pe orizontală și pe verticală, eroarea magnitudinii) și rețelele care au calculat efectiv localizarea și magnitudinea.",
      "en": "Every earthquake above the chosen magnitude threshold, worldwide, across the entire history of the U.S. Geological Survey’s ANSS Comprehensive Catalog — about 312,000 events at magnitude 4.5 and above, the oldest of them from 1568. One row per event, revised in place as USGS refines the numbers: magnitude, depth and location all move in the hours and days after an event, and historical entries are re-evaluated decades later, so this dataset follows them rather than freezing the first estimate. Each row also carries the uncertainties the catalogue publishes — horizontal and vertical location error, magnitude error, the station counts behind each — and the networks that actually computed the location and the magnitude."
    },
    "names": {
      "ro": "Cutremure USGS",
      "en": "USGS earthquakes"
    },
    "sourceUrl": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/",
    "license": {
      "id": "usgs-public-domain",
      "name": "U.S. Geological Survey — public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105)",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits",
      "attribution": "Earthquake data courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).",
      "notes": "USGS-authored content is in the public domain in the United States and may be reused freely with credit. Two caveats a reuser must read. First, the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog behind this web service aggregates contributions from regional and international seismic networks; an individual event may originate with a contributor whose own terms differ, and the `network`, `location_source` and `magnitude_source` columns name those contributors. Second, this is a living catalogue, not a frozen catalogue of record: recent events carry preliminary automatic solutions, historical events are re-evaluated, values are revised and events are occasionally withdrawn. Do not use it where life or property depends on the number."
    },
    "cadence": "daily",
    "tags": [
      "earthquakes",
      "seismology",
      "geology",
      "hazards",
      "usgs",
      "anss",
      "events",
      "geospatial",
      "historical"
    ],
    "sources": []
  },
  "ingest": {
    "id": "01M5JB1A6R6JTJXWFPD4HB96EM",
    "startedAt": "2026-10-22T17:37:41.592Z",
    "snapshotDate": "2026-10-22",
    "catalogSnapshotId": 163,
    "params": {
      "minMagnitude": 4.5,
      "maxEventsPerWindow": 15000,
      "maxRequests": 0,
      "delayMs": 250
    }
  },
  "baseUrl": "https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/public/usgs-earthquakes",
  "catalog": {
    "url": "https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/catalog/usgs-earthquakes/v/01M5JB1A6R6JTJXWFPD4HB96EM/catalog.ducklake",
    "latestUrl": "https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/catalog/usgs-earthquakes/catalog.ducklake",
    "sha256": "f5d86b94c85f5e17dcef426d7378c106efdaf0135683e0e9aa8bb764408fca05",
    "duckdbVersion": "v1.5.5",
    "attachExample": "ATTACH 'ducklake:https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/catalog/usgs-earthquakes/catalog.ducklake' AS lake (READ_ONLY); SELECT * FROM lake.main.quakes LIMIT 5;"
  },
  "queryHints": {
    "examples": [
      {
        "title": "The ten largest earthquakes ever recorded in the catalogue",
        "sql": "SELECT event_time, magnitude, magnitude_type, place, depth_km\nFROM quakes\nORDER BY magnitude DESC\nLIMIT 10",
        "description": "No time filter, so this reads the whole file — which is the one question that legitimately does."
      },
      {
        "title": "How the annual count of M4.5+ events changes over a century",
        "sql": "SELECT date_trunc('year', event_time) AS year,\n       count(*) AS quakes,\n       count(*) FILTER (WHERE magnitude >= 6) AS m6_plus\nFROM quakes\nWHERE event_time >= '1900-01-01'\nGROUP BY 1\nORDER BY 1",
        "description": "The rise through the 1960s is the World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network coming online, not the Earth getting busier. Detection, not seismicity."
      },
      {
        "title": "The 2011 Tohoku aftershock sequence, week by week",
        "sql": "SELECT date_trunc('week', event_time) AS week,\n       count(*) AS quakes,\n       max(magnitude) AS largest\nFROM quakes\nWHERE event_time >= '2011-03-11'\n  AND event_time <  '2011-09-11'\n  AND latitude BETWEEN 35 AND 41\n  AND longitude BETWEEN 140 AND 145\nGROUP BY 1\nORDER BY 1",
        "description": "event_time is the sort column, so the time filter prunes row groups first."
      },
      {
        "title": "Only the events whose location is actually well constrained",
        "sql": "SELECT event_time, magnitude, place, horizontal_error_km, depth_error_km, azimuthal_gap\nFROM quakes\nWHERE event_time >= '2000-01-01'\n  AND horizontal_error_km IS NOT NULL\n  AND horizontal_error_km < 10\n  AND azimuthal_gap < 120\nORDER BY event_time DESC\nLIMIT 100",
        "description": "The uncertainty columns come from format=csv and exist for exactly this: most historical rows have no error estimate at all, so an analysis that ignores them silently mixes a 5 km epicentre with a 100 km one."
      },
      {
        "title": "Everything near a place, case- and accent-insensitively",
        "sql": "SELECT event_time, magnitude, place\nFROM quakes\nWHERE place_lc LIKE '%chile%'\nORDER BY event_time DESC\nLIMIT 50",
        "description": "Search place_lc, never lower(place): a function on a column cannot prune."
      }
    ]
  },
  "tables": [
    {
      "name": "quakes",
      "description": "One row per earthquake in the USGS ANSS Comprehensive Catalog above the run’s magnitude threshold, carrying the most recent values USGS has published for it — the whole catalogue, from the sixteenth century to this morning, not a rolling window. Events are revised after the fact — magnitude, depth and location all move as more stations report, and historical entries are re-evaluated decades later — so a row is a current best estimate, not an immutable observation. first_seen_date / last_seen_date record the window over which we observed it.",
      "descriptions": {
        "ro": "Câte un rând pentru fiecare cutremur din catalogul ANSS al USGS care depășește pragul de magnitudine al rulării, cu cele mai recente valori publicate de USGS: întregul catalog, din secolul al XVI-lea până azi, nu o fereastră mobilă. Datele despre eveniment sunt revizuite ulterior: magnitudinea, adâncimea și localizarea se pot schimba pe măsură ce sosesc informații de la mai multe stații, iar evenimentele istorice sunt reevaluate după zeci de ani. Prin urmare, rândul arată cea mai bună estimare disponibilă acum, nu o observație care rămâne neschimbată. first_seen_date și last_seen_date arată intervalul în care am observat evenimentul.",
        "en": "One row per earthquake in the USGS ANSS Comprehensive Catalog above the run’s magnitude threshold, carrying the most recent values USGS has published for it — the whole catalogue, from the sixteenth century to this morning, not a rolling window. Events are revised after the fact — magnitude, depth and location all move as more stations report, and historical entries are re-evaluated decades later — so a row is a current best estimate, not an immutable observation. first_seen_date / last_seen_date record the window over which we observed it."
      },
      "rowCount": 313079,
      "lastRunRows": 313032,
      "totalBytes": 12988531,
      "sortBy": [
        "event_time",
        "event_id"
      ],
      "searchColumns": [
        "place"
      ],
      "primaryKey": [
        "event_id"
      ],
      "writeMode": "upsert",
      "storage": "lake",
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "event_id",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": false,
          "description": "USGS event id, e.g. \"us6000tmtu\". Stable across revisions and unique across networks; the primary key. Append it to the event page URL to see the source record.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Identificatorul de eveniment atribuit de USGS, de exemplu \"us6000tmtu\". Rămâne același când evenimentul este revizuit și este unic în toate rețelele; este cheia primară. Adaugă-l la URL-ul paginii evenimentului pentru a vedea înregistrarea de la sursă.",
            "en": "USGS event id, e.g. \"us6000tmtu\". Stable across revisions and unique across networks; the primary key. Append it to the event page URL to see the source record."
          },
          "min": "aacse0198bme8d8",
          "max": "wes19050715101000000",
          "distinctApprox": 366040
        },
        {
          "name": "event_time",
          "type": "TIMESTAMPTZ",
          "nullable": false,
          "description": "When the earthquake occurred (origin time, UTC). Not when it was reported.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Momentul în care s-a produs cutremurul (ora de origine, UTC), nu momentul raportării.",
            "en": "When the earthquake occurred (origin time, UTC). Not when it was reported."
          },
          "min": "1568-01-01 00:00:00+00",
          "max": "2026-10-22 17:21:26.78+00"
        },
        {
          "name": "updated_at",
          "type": "TIMESTAMPTZ",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "When USGS last revised this event (UTC). A recent value on an old event means the numbers moved — historical events are re-evaluated too, so this is often centuries after event_time.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Momentul ultimei revizuiri făcute de USGS pentru acest eveniment (UTC). Dacă un eveniment vechi are aici o dată recentă, înseamnă că valorile sale s-au schimbat; evenimentele istorice sunt și ele reevaluate, așa că această dată poate fi cu secole după event_time.",
            "en": "When USGS last revised this event (UTC). A recent value on an old event means the numbers moved — historical events are re-evaluated too, so this is often centuries after event_time."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "magnitude",
          "type": "DECIMAL(4,2)",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Magnitude on the scale named by magnitude_type.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Valoarea magnitudinii, pe scara indicată în magnitude_type.",
            "en": "Magnitude on the scale named by magnitude_type."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "magnitude_type",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Which magnitude scale produced the value: mb, ml, mw, mww, ms_20, mint (an intensity-derived magnitude, common on pre-instrumental events) … They are NOT interchangeable; comparing magnitudes across types is a mistake.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Scara folosită pentru valoarea magnitudinii: mb, ml, mw, mww, ms_20, mint (o magnitudine dedusă din intensitatea resimțită, frecventă la evenimentele dinaintea erei instrumentale) … Aceste tipuri NU sunt echivalente; este greșit să compari direct magnitudini de tipuri diferite.",
            "en": "Which magnitude scale produced the value: mb, ml, mw, mww, ms_20, mint (an intensity-derived magnitude, common on pre-instrumental events) … They are NOT interchangeable; comparing magnitudes across types is a mistake."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "place",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Human-readable location as written by the catalogue.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Descrierea locului într-o formă ușor de citit, așa cum apare în catalog.",
            "en": "Human-readable location as written by the catalogue."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "place_lc",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "place, lowercased and accent-folded, for case- and accent-insensitive search. Query this, not lower(place) — a function on a column cannot use parquet statistics.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Valoarea din place, scrisă cu litere mici și fără diacritice, pentru căutări care nu țin cont de majuscule, minuscule sau diacritice. Folosește place_lc în interogări, nu lower(place): o funcție aplicată coloanei împiedică folosirea statisticilor Parquet.",
            "en": "place, lowercased and accent-folded, for case- and accent-insensitive search. Query this, not lower(place) — a function on a column cannot use parquet statistics."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "latitude",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Epicentre latitude (WGS 84).",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Latitudinea epicentrului, în grade, în sistemul WGS 84.",
            "en": "Epicentre latitude (WGS 84)."
          },
          "unit": "degrees"
        },
        {
          "name": "longitude",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Epicentre longitude (WGS 84).",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Longitudinea epicentrului, în grade, în sistemul WGS 84.",
            "en": "Epicentre longitude (WGS 84)."
          },
          "unit": "degrees"
        },
        {
          "name": "depth_km",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Depth below the surface. Can be slightly negative for shallow events — that is the solver, not bad data. Null on most historical events, which have no depth solution.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Adâncimea sub suprafață, în km. Pentru evenimente foarte apropiate de suprafață, valoarea poate fi ușor negativă. Aceasta este consecința metodei de calcul al localizării, nu o eroare în date. Pentru majoritatea evenimentelor istorice lipsește, pentru că nu există o soluție de adâncime.",
            "en": "Depth below the surface. Can be slightly negative for shallow events — that is the solver, not bad data. Null on most historical events, which have no depth solution."
          },
          "unit": "km"
        },
        {
          "name": "felt_reports",
          "type": "INTEGER",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "How many people filed a \"Did You Feel It?\" report.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Numărul persoanelor care au trimis un raport prin formularul „Did You Feel It?”.",
            "en": "How many people filed a \"Did You Feel It?\" report."
          },
          "unit": "reports"
        },
        {
          "name": "community_intensity",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Reported intensity from those reports (CDI), on the MMI scale.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Intensitatea raportată în acele formulare (CDI), pe scara MMI.",
            "en": "Reported intensity from those reports (CDI), on the MMI scale."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "instrumental_intensity",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Estimated instrumental intensity (MMI) from ShakeMap.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Intensitatea instrumentală estimată de ShakeMap, pe scara MMI.",
            "en": "Estimated instrumental intensity (MMI) from ShakeMap."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "alert_level",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "PAGER alert: green, yellow, orange or red — an estimate of expected impact, not of size.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Nivelul alertei PAGER: green (verde), yellow (galben), orange (portocaliu) sau red (roșu). Este o estimare a impactului așteptat, nu a magnitudinii cutremurului.",
            "en": "PAGER alert: green, yellow, orange or red — an estimate of expected impact, not of size."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "tsunami_flag",
          "type": "BOOLEAN",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "True when the event lies in a region with an active tsunami notification. It does NOT mean a wave was observed.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Valoarea este true când evenimentul se află într-o zonă pentru care există o notificare activă de tsunami. NU înseamnă că a fost observat un val.",
            "en": "True when the event lies in a region with an active tsunami notification. It does NOT mean a wave was observed."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "significance",
          "type": "INTEGER",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "USGS significance score (0-1000), combining magnitude, felt reports and estimated impact.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Scorul de semnificație calculat de USGS, de la 0 la 1000. Combină magnitudinea, numărul rapoartelor trimise de oameni și impactul estimat.",
            "en": "USGS significance score (0-1000), combining magnitude, felt reports and estimated impact."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "review_status",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "\"automatic\" (machine-picked, still moving) or \"reviewed\" (a seismologist has checked it).",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "\"automatic\" înseamnă că datele au fost stabilite automat și încă se pot schimba; \"reviewed\" înseamnă că au fost verificate de un seismolog.",
            "en": "\"automatic\" (machine-picked, still moving) or \"reviewed\" (a seismologist has checked it)."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "network",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "The network whose id namespace this event lives in — the prefix of event_id, e.g. us, ak, ci, hv, official, ushis. Compare location_source and magnitude_source, which name who actually computed each number and are often different.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Rețeaua în al cărei spațiu de identificatori se află evenimentul — prefixul din event_id, de exemplu us, ak, ci, hv, official sau ushis. Compar-o cu location_source și magnitude_source, care arată cine a calculat efectiv fiecare valoare și sunt adesea diferite.",
            "en": "The network whose id namespace this event lives in — the prefix of event_id, e.g. us, ak, ci, hv, official, ushis. Compare location_source and magnitude_source, which name who actually computed each number and are often different."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "station_count",
          "type": "INTEGER",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Number of stations used to compute the location.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Numărul de stații folosite pentru a calcula localizarea.",
            "en": "Number of stations used to compute the location."
          },
          "unit": "stations"
        },
        {
          "name": "azimuthal_gap",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Largest azimuthal gap between stations. Above ~180° the location is poorly constrained.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Cel mai mare unghi fără stații în jurul epicentrului. La valori peste aproximativ 180°, localizarea este mai puțin sigură.",
            "en": "Largest azimuthal gap between stations. Above ~180° the location is poorly constrained."
          },
          "unit": "degrees"
        },
        {
          "name": "horizontal_error_km",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Horizontal (epicentral) location uncertainty, as the radius of the 68% confidence circle. Use it to decide whether two epicentres are actually distinguishable before you map or cluster them.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Incertitudinea localizării pe orizontală (a epicentrului), exprimată ca raza cercului de încredere de 68%, în km. Folosește-o ca să știi dacă două epicentre pot fi cu adevărat deosebite unul de altul înainte să le pui pe hartă sau să le grupezi.",
            "en": "Horizontal (epicentral) location uncertainty, as the radius of the 68% confidence circle. Use it to decide whether two epicentres are actually distinguishable before you map or cluster them."
          },
          "unit": "km"
        },
        {
          "name": "depth_error_km",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Vertical location uncertainty: the largest projection of the 68% confidence ellipsoid onto the vertical. Frequently far larger than horizontal_error_km — a depth of \"10 km\" with a 10 km error is the solver’s default, not a measurement.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Incertitudinea localizării pe verticală, în km: cea mai mare proiecție pe verticală a elipsoidului de încredere de 68%. Este frecvent mult mai mare decât horizontal_error_km — o adâncime de „10 km” însoțită de o eroare de 10 km este valoarea implicită a metodei de calcul, nu o măsurătoare.",
            "en": "Vertical location uncertainty: the largest projection of the 68% confidence ellipsoid onto the vertical. Frequently far larger than horizontal_error_km — a depth of \"10 km\" with a 10 km error is the solver’s default, not a measurement."
          },
          "unit": "km"
        },
        {
          "name": "magnitude_error",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Uncertainty of the reported magnitude, as the estimated standard error. Compare it against the difference before calling one event bigger than another.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Incertitudinea magnitudinii raportate, ca eroare standard estimată. Compar-o cu diferența dintre două magnitudini înainte să spui că un cutremur a fost mai mare decât altul.",
            "en": "Uncertainty of the reported magnitude, as the estimated standard error. Compare it against the difference before calling one event bigger than another."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "magnitude_station_count",
          "type": "INTEGER",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "How many stations contributed amplitude readings to the MAGNITUDE. Distinct from station_count, which counts the stations used for the LOCATION — the two are computed from different picks and routinely differ by a factor of several.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Numărul de stații ale căror amplitudini au fost folosite pentru MAGNITUDINE. Este diferit de station_count, care numără stațiile folosite pentru LOCALIZARE: cele două se calculează din măsurători diferite și pot să difere de câteva ori.",
            "en": "How many stations contributed amplitude readings to the MAGNITUDE. Distinct from station_count, which counts the stations used for the LOCATION — the two are computed from different picks and routinely differ by a factor of several."
          },
          "unit": "stations"
        },
        {
          "name": "rms",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Root-mean-square residual of the travel-time fit: how well the observed arrival times match the ones the solution predicts. Smaller is better, but it is only comparable between events located by the same network with the same velocity model.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Abaterea pătratică medie (RMS) a potrivirii timpilor de propagare, în secunde: cât de bine se potrivesc timpii de sosire observați cu cei prevăzuți de soluție. Mai mic este mai bine, dar valoarea se poate compara doar între evenimente localizate de aceeași rețea, cu același model de viteze.",
            "en": "Root-mean-square residual of the travel-time fit: how well the observed arrival times match the ones the solution predicts. Smaller is better, but it is only comparable between events located by the same network with the same velocity model."
          },
          "unit": "s"
        },
        {
          "name": "min_distance_deg",
          "type": "DOUBLE",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "Angular distance from the epicentre to the nearest station that reported (the FDSN \"dmin\" field). One degree is about 111 km. A large value means the nearest instrument was far away, which is the other half of the story azimuthal_gap tells.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Distanța unghiulară, în grade, de la epicentru până la cea mai apropiată stație care a raportat (câmpul „dmin” din FDSN). Un grad înseamnă aproximativ 111 km. O valoare mare arată că cel mai apropiat instrument era departe, ceea ce completează informația dată de azimuthal_gap.",
            "en": "Angular distance from the epicentre to the nearest station that reported (the FDSN \"dmin\" field). One degree is about 111 km. A large value means the nearest instrument was far away, which is the other half of the story azimuthal_gap tells."
          },
          "unit": "degrees"
        },
        {
          "name": "location_source",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "The network that produced the LOCATION for this event, e.g. us, ak, official, ushis. Often not the same as network, and not the same as magnitude_source.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Rețeaua care a calculat LOCALIZAREA acestui eveniment, de exemplu us, ak, official sau ushis. Adesea nu coincide nici cu network, nici cu magnitude_source.",
            "en": "The network that produced the LOCATION for this event, e.g. us, ak, official, ushis. Often not the same as network, and not the same as magnitude_source."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "magnitude_source",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "The network that produced the MAGNITUDE for this event. A row can carry a location from one network and a magnitude from another — filter on this when comparing magnitudes.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Rețeaua care a calculat MAGNITUDINEA acestui eveniment. Un rând poate avea localizarea de la o rețea și magnitudinea de la alta — filtrează după această coloană când compari magnitudini.",
            "en": "The network that produced the MAGNITUDE for this event. A row can carry a location from one network and a magnitude from another — filter on this when comparing magnitudes."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "event_type",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "What the catalogue says this was: earthquake, quarry blast, explosion, ice quake … Filter on it — the catalogue is not all earthquakes.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Tipul pe care catalogul îl atribuie evenimentului: earthquake (cutremur), quarry blast (explozie în carieră), explosion (explozie), ice quake (seism glaciar) … Folosește această coloană la filtrare: catalogul nu conține doar cutremure.",
            "en": "What the catalogue says this was: earthquake, quarry blast, explosion, ice quake … Filter on it — the catalogue is not all earthquakes."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "event_url",
          "type": "VARCHAR",
          "nullable": true,
          "description": "USGS event page for this earthquake.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Pagina acestui cutremur pe site-ul USGS.",
            "en": "USGS event page for this earthquake."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "first_seen_date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "nullable": false,
          "description": "The first run day (UTC) on which we saw this event. Maintained automatically by the upsert loader — never overwritten, only widened. It says when this dataset first ingested the event, never when the event happened: that is event_time.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Prima zi de rulare (UTC) în care am întâlnit acest eveniment. Este menținută automat de sistemul de încărcare cu upsert: nu este suprascrisă, iar intervalul observat poate doar să se extindă. Arată când a preluat acest set de date evenimentul, nu când s-a produs cutremurul — pentru asta există event_time.",
            "en": "The first run day (UTC) on which we saw this event. Maintained automatically by the upsert loader — never overwritten, only widened. It says when this dataset first ingested the event, never when the event happened: that is event_time."
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "last_seen_date",
          "type": "DATE",
          "nullable": false,
          "description": "The most recent run day (UTC) on which the catalogue still carried this event within the window that run asked for.",
          "descriptions": {
            "ro": "Cea mai recentă zi de rulare (UTC) în care acest eveniment apărea încă în catalog, în intervalul cerut de acea rulare.",
            "en": "The most recent run day (UTC) on which the catalogue still carried this event within the window that run asked for."
          }
        }
      ],
      "files": [
        {
          "url": "https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/public/usgs-earthquakes/v/01M5JB1A6R6JTJXWFPD4HB96EM/quakes.parquet",
          "sizeBytes": 12988531,
          "rowCount": 313079,
          "etag": "\"9ece5a81a0620f5b4b546f186b5fc9c0\"",
          "stats": {
            "event_time": {
              "min": "1568-01-01 00:00:00+00",
              "max": "2026-10-22 17:21:26.78+00"
            },
            "event_id": {
              "min": "aacse0198bme8d8",
              "max": "wes19050715101000000"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "example": [
        {
          "event_id": "ushis15680101000000000",
          "event_time": "1568-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
          "updated_at": "2021-10-23T00:00:22.515Z",
          "magnitude": 4.9,
          "magnitude_type": "mw",
          "place": "Near Moodus, Connecticut",
          "place_lc": "near moodus, connecticut",
          "latitude": 41.5,
          "longitude": -72.5,
          "depth_km": null,
          "felt_reports": null,
          "community_intensity": null,
          "instrumental_intensity": null,
          "alert_level": null,
          "tsunami_flag": false,
          "significance": 369,
          "review_status": "reviewed",
          "network": "ushis",
          "station_count": null,
          "azimuthal_gap": null,
          "horizontal_error_km": null,
          "depth_error_km": null,
          "magnitude_error": null,
          "magnitude_station_count": null,
          "rms": null,
          "min_distance_deg": null,
          "location_source": "ushis",
          "magnitude_source": "ushis",
          "event_type": "earthquake",
          "event_url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ushis15680101000000000",
          "first_seen_date": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z",
          "last_seen_date": "2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "event_id": "official16150908030000000",
          "event_time": "1615-09-08T03:00:00.000Z",
          "updated_at": "2023-11-26T07:46:16.550Z",
          "magnitude": 7.5,
          "magnitude_type": "mint",
          "place": "Near the South Coast of the Dominican Republic",
          "place_lc": "near the south coast of the dominican republic",
          "latitude": 18,
          "longitude": -70,
          "depth_km": null,
          "felt_reports": null,
          "community_intensity": null,
          "instrumental_intensity": null,
          "alert_level": null,
          "tsunami_flag": false,
          "significance": 865,
          "review_status": "reviewed",
          "network": "official",
          "station_count": null,
          "azimuthal_gap": null,
          "horizontal_error_km": null,
          "depth_error_km": null,
          "magnitude_error": null,
          "magnitude_station_count": null,
          "rms": null,
          "min_distance_deg": null,
          "location_source": "official",
          "magnitude_source": "official",
          "event_type": "earthquake",
          "event_url": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official16150908030000000",
          "first_seen_date": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z",
          "last_seen_date": "2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "generatedAt": "2026-10-22T17:52:39.236Z"
}